|
Voltage variations
and power cuts adversely affect various equip- ment such as TVs, VCRs, music
systems and refrigerators. This simple circuit will protect the costly equipment
from high as well as low voltages and the voltage surges (when power resumes).
It also gives a melodious tune when mains power resumes. When mains voltage
is normal, the DC voltage at the cathode of zener diode D4 is less then 5.6V.
As a result transistor T1 is in ?off? state. The DC voltage at the cathode of
zener diode D5 is greater than 5.6V and as a result transistor T2 is in ?on?
state. Consequently, relay RL1 gets energised, which is indicated by lighting
up of green LED. Under high mains voltage condition, transistor T1 switches
to ?on? state because the voltage at cathode of zener diode D4 becomes greater
than 5.6V. Consequently, transistor T2 switches to ?off? state, making the relay
to de-energise Under low mains voltage condition, transistor T1 switches to
?off? state and as a result transistor T2 also switches to ?off? state, making
the relay to de-energise.
Timer IC 555 in the circuit is configured to operate
in a monostable mode. The pulse width is about 10 seconds with the timing component
values used in the circuit. When the power resumes after a break, pin 2 of IC
555 goes low briefly and this triggers it. Its output makes music IC UM66 to
operate through transistor T3. Simultaneously, transistor T1 also gets forward
biased as the monostable IC1 output is connected to its base via diode D8 and
resistor R7. As a result, transistor T1 conducts and biases transistor T2 to
cut off. Thus relay RL1 remains de-energised for the duration of mono pulse
and the load is protected against the voltage surges.
To adjust presets
VR1 and VR2, you may use a manually variable auto-transformer. Set the output
of auto-transformer to 270V AC and connect it to the primary of transformer
X1. Adjust preset VR1 such that relay RL1 just de-energises. Next set the output
of auto-transformer to 170V AC. Now adjust preset VR2 such that relay RL1 again
de-energises. Volume control VR3 may be adjusted for the desired output volume
of the tune generated by IC UM66 |
