There are basically three types of metal detector, but unfortunately your photo is not much help in deciding which type yours is.
If it the simple BFO type then you only have to wind a larger coil with the same inductance. But if is an induction balance type or a pulsed type then things get a bit more tricky.
Here is a link to a formum for metal detectors, and if you can identify the make and model of your detector, there will be many keen people there who can be more helpful.
http://www.geotech1.com/forums/